From the book: When Africa's young leaders gathered in Manchester in 1945 for the Fifth Pan-African Congress they were largely unknown and Africa was almost wholly under white domination. "We are determined to be free... we demand for Black Africa autonomy and independence" said their Challenge to the Colonial Powers, printed in full within. At the time, few people knew of this Congress and when the late George Padmore & Dr. W.E.B Du Bois wrote their account of it, the only published record, it attracted little notice. Long out-of-print it is now a rare document.